A-Z
dermatology
Major Dermatological Diseases
A
Acne
Inflammatory disease, better known as pimple, which commonly affects adolescents but also children and adults. Topical and oral treatments may be used.
Actinic Keratosis
Disease that presents as reddish, scaly areas in sun-exposed areas on lighter-skinned people. They can become skin cancer if left untreated.
Areata Alopecia
Autoimmune disease that affects body hair – most common on the scalp. It presents as flaws in the scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes. It may also affect the nails.
C
Cellulitis
Bacterial infection of the deepest layers of the skin. The region is red and hot, the pain is variable. The presence of subcutaneous fat forming dimples and nodules – most common in women – is also called cellulite.
Chickenpox
Infectious disease of childhood but can also affect adults. They are vesicles that quickly turn into small scabs, may itch or not. Highly contagious.
Contact dermatitis
Disease characterized by itchiness, roughness and peeling caused by direct and local irritation of an external agent or through an acquired allergy of a particular agent.
F
Folliculitis
Inflammation of the hair follicle that can be mainly bacterial or fungal. Lesions look like pimples and affect the hairy areas of the body and scalp. Allergic photosensitivity that is triggered on the skin by some topical or oral products when the person is exposed to sunlight.
H
Hemangioma
Wine reddish lesion formed by blood vessels. They may appear from birth or in the rapidly growing small child. They can be treated surgically or by laser.
Herpes
Infectious disease caused by a virus, presents as clustered vesicles like bunch of grapes that quickly burst forming crusts. They are recurrent and tend to appear in the same location after sun exposure, menstruation, acute stress or no apparent cause.
Hives
A disease that forms insect-like plaques that quickly appears and disappears, itches a lot, and can come without a definite cause or associated with exposure to medications, infections, etc.
Hirsutism
Increased hair in women in male pattern areas. They may be without cause or associated with hormonal problems. It can be treated by laser or by topical or oral medications.
Hyperhidrosis
A disease that causes increased unmotivated sweating on the hands, feet and armpits, but can affect any area of the body. It can be treated with topical, injectable, oral and also surgically medications.
L
Leprosy
Infectious bacterial disease, curable and with antibiotic treatment. The lesions are varied, but may initially appear through white spots of reduced sensitivity.
M
Melasma
A condition that causes recurrent blemishes on areas exposed to light on the skin. They can be triggered by hormonal changes such as pregnancy or contraceptive use. Sunscreen is essential for treatment, as is the use of whitening, peeling and laser medications.
N
Nevi
Also called moles or signs, they are formed by cells called melanocytes. They may grow throughout life, but if they grow fast or bleed they should be evaluated by a dermatologist.
P
Pediculosis (Louse)
Infectious disease caused by a parasite that lives in hairy areas. It is contagious and itchy enough, most commonly affects children. White lesions (nits) can be seen attached to the hair shaft and the parasites (lice) are located mainly in the nape region.
Pemphigus
Autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. They are easily ruptured blisters and may be limited to the mucosa or severely affect the entire skin.
Prickly heat (Miliária)
Acute sweat gland disease common in children, common in heat, usually transient, presents as reddish lesions mainly in folds.
Psoriasis
Autoimmune disease, forms red, scaly plaques on the skin and scalp. It can affect nails and joints. Treatments may be topical or oral depending on the degree of disease involvement.
R
Ringworm
Infectious disease caused by fungi, can reach skin, mucous membranes and cutaneous attachments such as hair and nails. The most commonly affected areas are the feet and nails. The treatments are topical and oral.
S
Scabies
Infectious disease caused by an arthropod, also known as scabies. It generates an intense itching that gets worse at night. It forms small balls in the hottest areas of the body, umbilical region and between the fingers. It is contagious and everyone in the family should be treated.
Seborrheic dermatitis
Disease characterized by flaking, redness and itching in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as scalp and face.
Skin cancer
Most common cancer in the world, most common in people with light skin and eyes. They are progressive growth lesions, difficult to heal, that may bleed or have no symptoms.
Stretch marks
Linear lesions caused by rapid stretching of the skin, most common on the buttocks, breasts of teenagers, and the abdomen of pregnant women. They may be redder when newer and lighter when older.
V
Vitiligo
Autoimmune disease that attacks the cells that produce the skin’s pigment, the melanocytes, generating white spots. Treatments can be light / laser based, topical and even with melanocyte transplantation.
W
Warts
Infectious disease caused by the contagious HPV virus, can affect the skin and mucous membranes, being more common in children, in adults can affect the genital region and are associated with intimate contact.
Z
Zoster (Herpes Zoster)
Infectious disease caused by the same chicken pox virus that when reactivated causes lesions restricted to a nervous territory. Also known as “shingles” is more common in the elderly and people with immune problems.
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